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431 Stainless Steel

1.4057

  • EN1.4057
  • ENX17CrNi16-2
  • AISI431

Martensitic stainless steel containing chromium and nickel. Achieves high tensile strength through heat treatment, machines and polishes well. Offers good corrosion resistance; common for shafts, bolts and pump parts.

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01Applications

  • Bolts and nuts
  • Propeller shafts
  • Pump shafts
  • Mixer rods
  • Marine equipment
  • Laboratory equipment

02Delivery Condition

  • 30–46 HRC

03Heat Treatment

Typical values

Soft annealing
650–720 °C; max. 280 HB
Preheating
760–800 °C
Hardening
950–1050 °C; oil/air
As-quenched hardness
≈ 44–46 HRC
Tempering
600–700 °C → QT (+QT800/900: 800–1050 MPa); avoid 400–550 °C
Delivery condition
Usually quenched and tempered (+QT)

Heat treatment cycle (schematic)

02004006008001000Preheat780°1. Preheat — 780 °CAustenitise1000°2. Austenitise — 1000 °C3. Quench — 60 °CTemper650°4. Temper — 650 °C5. Cool — 25 °CTemper650°6. Temper — 650 °C7. Cool — 25 °CTime (schematic, not to scale)°C
Stages and temperatures are typical values; soaking times depend on section size.

Tempering diagram (approximate)

203040506001002003004005006007000 °C → 45 HRC200 °C → 44 HRC300 °C → 43 HRC400 °C → 43 HRC500 °C → 42 HRC600 °C → 34 HRC650 °C → 30 HRC700 °C → 26 HRCTempering temperature (°C)Hardness (HRC)
Approximate hardness versus tempering temperature after hardening from the typical austenitising temperature.

Values are approximate and for information only; they vary with section size, heat and furnace conditions. Binding values are determined from the manufacturer’s data under laboratory conditions.

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